Test+2+-+pH

﻿pH

On a pH scale of 0-14 with 0 being the most acidic, and 14 being the most basic. Rainfall generally has a pH level between 5 and 6. Rainfall is acidic because of the dissolved carbon dioxide and air polluntants.
 * pH**- Water contains both hydrogen ions which are H+, and hydroxide ions, OH. Water with a pH level of 7 is neutral.

Small changes in pH can endanger many kinds of plants and animals. Like many trout can only live in a water lever pH of 7 which is neutral. If the pH level is higher they may not survive. In the past couple months we have had alot of rain. The pH level is very low for this area.
 * Column || A ||
 * Reading || pH (pH Units) ||
 * 1 || 5.68 ||
 * 2 || 5.79 ||
 * Average || 5.735 ||

**Testing Procedure ** **1. Position the computer safely away from the water. Keep water away from the computer at all ties. ** **2. Plug the pH Sensor into Channel 1 of the Verneir interface. ** **3. Prepare the computer for data collection by opening "02 pH" from the //Water Quality with Verneir folder of logger pro. // ** **4. You are now ready to prepare the computer and pH Sensor for calibration. ** **First Calibration Point ** **a) ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Choose Calibrate > CH1: pH from the Experiment menu then click calibration now. ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">b) ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Remove the sensor from the bottle by loosening the lid, and then rinse the sensor with distilled water. ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">c) ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Place the sensor tip into the pH-7 buffer. Type 7 (the pH value of the buffer) in the edit box. ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">d) ****<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">When the displayed voltage reading or Reading 1 stabilizes click keep. ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> in this range. || will not hatch. || and disapear. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">If your instructor directs you to use the calibration stored in the program, then proceed to step 5. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">If your instructor directs you to perform a new calibration for the pH Sensor, follow this procedure. **
 * **pH** || **Effect** ||
 * 3.0 - 3.5 || Unlikely that fish can survive for more than a few hours
 * 3.5 - 4.0 || Known to be iethal to salmonids ||
 * 4.0 - 4.5 || All fish, most frogs, insects absent. ||
 * 4.5 - 5.0 || Mayfly and many other insects absent, Most fish eggs
 * 5.0 - 5.5 || Bottom- dwelling bacteria begin to die. Leaf litter and detritus begin to accumulate, locking up essentail nutrients
 * 6.0 - 6.5 || Fresh water shrimp absent. Unlikely ot be indirect harmful to fish unless free carbon dioxide is high. ||
 * 6.5 - 8.2 || Optimalfor most organisms ||
 * 8.2 - 9.0 || Unlikely to be directly harmful to fish, but indirect effects occur at this level due to chemical changes in the water. ||
 * 9.0 - 10.5 || Likely to be harmful to salmonids and perch if present for long periods. ||
 * 10.5 - 11.0 || Rapidly lethal to salmonids. Prolonged exposure is lethal to carp, perch. ||
 * 11.0 - 11.5 || Rapidly lethal to all species of fish. ||
 * Water Quality with Venier, Computer 2